LLEVAR TIEMPO

llevo 6 años estudiando español

llevo 5 minutos esperándote

llevo toda la noche despierto

TO LEAD

llevo una vida aburrida

llevo

myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves, your self (polite form) yourselves

These are verbs which reflect back on the person who is doing the action

e.g. I wash myself – ice wasche mich

mich-dich-sich-uns-euch-sich-sich

1. sich waschen
2. sich verletzen
3. sich erkälten
4. sich ärgern
5. sich wohl fühlen
6. sich krank fühlen
7. sich beschweren
8. sich beklagen
9. sich kümmern
10. sich beeilen

I hope my Spanish improves

I hope to be home by 8.30pm

I hope to meet people of my age

When I return home, I will see you

I doubt that it’s possible

If I had money, I would return next year

They want me to go with them

They want to go with them

They hope to visit me

They hope that I visit them

She wants to see me

to

of

from

what

after

suddenly

of course

not only…but also

not even

whilst

already

unfortunately

until

in fact

only

we’ll see

any

any day

any person

any time

somebody

something

nobody

nothing

never

early

late

in order to

then

either…or

neither…nor

yet

even

however

although

the others/the rest

PREPOSITIONS

through

beside

behind

near

in front of

opposite

under

over

with

against

according to during

facing

towards

without

via

1. a dream
2. stars
3. the planets
4. at an early age
5. the sky
6. the working day
7. the working week
8. an employee
9. fast food
10. bad habits

Take a quick BREAK and go over 1-10 again

1. self-esteem
2. empathy
3. deforestation
4. the lack of
5. the use of
6. HONEY
7. a hostel
8. the government
9. the discovery
10. a feeling of freedom

Take a quick BREAK and go over 1-10 again

1. a figure
2. SPORTS CENTRE
3. less fortunate families
4. foreign languages
5. the others
6. business
7. meetings
8. skills
9. a company
10. the majority

Take a quick BREAK and go over 1-10 again

1. advice
2. pedestrian
3. the origen
4. the old quarter
5. shops
6. the benefits
7. a custom
8. university costs
9. a WAITER
10. a FOREST

Take a quick BREAK and go over 1-10 again

1. a JUNGLE

The Perfect Tense: Regular verbs

I have + participle

Regular form ends in ‘ed’

e.g. I have fished (pescAR)

= he pescADO

Here we use HABER + IDO / ADO

Verbs ending in ER/IR ..IDO

Verbs ending in AR…ADO

I have eaten

you have gone out

he has won

she has travelled

we have had

you (ye) have lived

they have lost

Contrast the above sentences with the Preterite (simple Past)

I ate

you went out

he won

she travelled

we had

you (ye) lived

they lost

Contrast the above sentences with the Imperfect (continuous past tense)

I was eating

you were going out

he was winning

she was travelling

we were having

you (ye) were living

they were losing

The Perfect Tense: Regular verbs

I have bought

you have developed

he has invested

she has hunted

we have ordered

you (ye) have continued

they have stayed

Contrast the above sentences with the Preterite (simple Past)

I bought

you developed

he invested

she hunted

we ordered

you (ye) continued

they stayed

Contrast the above sentences with the Imperfect (continuous past tense)

I was buying

you were developing

he was investing

she was hunting

we were ordering

you (ye) were continuing

they were staying

The Perfect Tense: Regular verbs

I have got dressed

you have thought

he has sold

she has found

we have given

you (ye) have taken

they have looked

Contrast the above sentences with the Preterite (simple Past)

I got dressed

you thought

he sold

she found

we gave

you (ye) took

they looked

Contrast the above sentences with the Imperfect (continuous past tense)

I was getting dressed

you were thinking

he was selling

she was finding

we were giving

you (ye) were taking

they were looking

a) The 6 Modal Verbs

wollen

können

müssen

dürfen

mögen

sollen

b) Werden has two meanings

werden 1

werden 2

c) The Nominative ALWAYS follows the verb to be (sein)

d) In the Perfect Tense the use of ‘sein‘ indicates a change of state

The accusative (or object form) refers to the person or thing after the verb e.g. I see her, I sell the CAR, we buy the ticket.

The only difficulty occurs when the noun is MASCULINE, as that changes – ich sehe DEN Baum

The NEUTER and FEMININE forms don’t change – ich sehe die Frau ich sehe das Boot HOWEVER .

Easiest way of teaching it is to say – die Frau sieht die Frau (it’s ‘die’ before and after the verb).

It is unlikely that you will ever write das Boot sieht das Boot (it’s ‘das’ before and after the verb) but you did, your grammar would be excellent.

HOWEVER der Mann sieht den Mann. (the masculine changes from der – den). It’s no big deal really but at an early age in the language we tend to forget to adjust the masculine form.

The plural form doesn’t change either. Die Elektriker sehen die Elektriker (The electricians see the electricians).

The person/thing BEFORE the noun is called the SUBJECT and the person/thing AFTER is called the object. In your German classes at SCHOOL, your teachers refer to the SUBJECT as the NOMINATIVE. This comes from ‘NOME‘ in latin = name. We learn the name of a noun as der, die, das. After that, you have to check whether the noun is before or after the verb.

You make these changes in English all the time. You don’t say “I see he” you say “I see him“. That change from he (nominative form) – him (accusative form) (or the object form). Two ways to say the same thing.

me = mich, you = dich, him = ihn, her = sie, us = uns, you (pl) = euch, you (polite) = Sie, them = sie. Surely this is easy as making a pie

VERBS & PREPOSITIONS

Key word is ‘TO’ after the verb e.g you give something TO a person but not all verbs carry this ‘to‘ in English – we don’t say: I order to him but you do in German – ich befehle IHM

In Grammar, this is the INDIRECT OBJECT => MIR, DIR, IHM, IHR, UNS, EUCH, IHNEN, iHNEN

VERBS

1. es gefällt mir
2. schicken
3. schreiben
4. I’ll write to him
5. gehören
6. It belongs to him
7. geben
8. she gives it to me
9. HELFEN
10. I help them
11. danken
12. thank you
13. gratulieren
14. I congratulate her
15. raten
16. my father advised me
17. zuhören
18. verTRauen
19. I trust you
20. es gelingt mir
21. folgen
22. denken
23. passen
24. It suits you
25. zeigen
26. schmecken
27. I like Schnitzel
28. antworten
29. glauben
30. passen
31. gut tun
32. Sport does me good
33. drohen
34. vergeben
35. befehlen

PREPOSITIONS

BASE MAN VZ

1. Bei
2. Aus
3. Seit
4. Entgegen
5. Mit
6. Ausser
7. Nach
8. Von
9. Zu