Accusative
The accusative (or object form) refers to the person or thing after the verb e.g. I see her, I sell the CAR, we buy the ticket.
The only difficulty occurs when the noun is MASCULINE, as that changes – ich sehe DEN Baum
The NEUTER and FEMININE forms don’t change – ich sehe die Frau ich sehe das Boot HOWEVER .
Easiest way of teaching it is to say – die Frau sieht die Frau (it’s ‘die’ before and after the verb).
It is unlikely that you will ever write das Boot sieht das Boot (it’s ‘das’ before and after the verb) but you did, your grammar would be excellent.
HOWEVER der Mann sieht den Mann. (the masculine changes from der – den). It’s no big deal really but at an early age in the language we tend to forget to adjust the masculine form.
The plural form doesn’t change either. Die Elektriker sehen die Elektriker (The electricians see the electricians).
The person/thing BEFORE the noun is called the SUBJECT and the person/thing AFTER is called the object. In your German classes at SCHOOL, your teachers refer to the SUBJECT as the NOMINATIVE. This comes from ‘NOME‘ in latin = name. We learn the name of a noun as der, die, das. After that, you have to check whether the noun is before or after the verb.
You make these changes in English all the time. You don’t say “I see he” you say “I see him“. That change from he (nominative form) – him (accusative form) (or the object form). Two ways to say the same thing.
me = mich, you = dich, him = ihn, her = sie, us = uns, you (pl) = euch, you (polite) = Sie, them = sie. Surely this is easy as making a pie
DATIVE
VERBS & PREPOSITIONS
Key word is ‘TO’ after the verb e.g you give something TO a person but not all verbs carry this ‘to‘ in English – we don’t say: I order to him but you do in German – ich befehle IHM
In Grammar, this is the INDIRECT OBJECT => MIR, DIR, IHM, IHR, UNS, EUCH, IHNEN, iHNEN
VERBS
- es gefällt mir
- schicken
- schreiben
- I’ll write to him
- gehören
- It belongs to him
- geben
- she gives it to me
- HELFEN
- I help them
- danken
- thank you
- gratulieren
- I congratulate her
- raten
- my father advised me
- zuhören
- verTRauen
- I trust you
- es gelingt mir
- folgen
- denken
- passen
- It suits you
- zeigen
- schmecken
- I like Schnitzel
- antworten
- glauben
- passen
- gut tun
- Sport does me good
- drohen
- vergeben
- befehlen
PREPOSITIONS
BASE MAN VZ
- Bei
- Aus
- Seit
- Entgegen
- Mit
- Ausser
- Nach
- Von
- Zu
Genitive
I’m DES OF DERry
(Genitive = ‘OF’)
am Ende der Reise
am Tag meiner Ankunft
das Rauschen des Meeres
am Anfang des Jahres
viele der jungen Patienten
es ist Teil der Therapie
im Gehirn des Spielers
im Gehirn der Spieler
zu Beginn der Woche
die Spielerin der Weltmeisterschaft
die Stimme des Lehrers
die Stimme der Lehrer
die Stimme der Lehrerinnen
die Stimme der Lehrerin
aus dem Tagebuch seines Grossvaters
die Politik der Schule
ein Poster seiner Lieblingsband
die Freiheit der Jugendjahre
Als Mitglied des Buchklubs
er sah den Widerschein der Blitze
in der Naehe des Hauptbahnhofs
SOME PREPOSITIONS THAT TAKE THE GENITIVE
wegen = because of
trotz = in spite of
im Laufe der/des = in the course of (during)
because of the Leaving Cert
in spite of the weather
in the course of the week
in the course of the year
in the course of the month