The accusative (or object form) refers to the person or thing after the verb e.g. I see her, I sell the CAR, we buy the ticket.

The only difficulty occurs when the noun is MASCULINE, as that changes – ich sehe DEN Baum

The NEUTER and FEMININE forms don’t change – ich sehe die Frau ich sehe das Boot HOWEVER .

Easiest way of teaching it is to say – die Frau sieht die Frau (it’s ‘die’ before and after the verb).

It is unlikely that you will ever write das Boot sieht das Boot (it’s ‘das’ before and after the verb) but you did, your grammar would be excellent.

HOWEVER der Mann sieht den Mann. (the masculine changes from der – den). It’s no big deal really but at an early age in the language we tend to forget to adjust the masculine form.

The plural form doesn’t change either. Die Elektriker sehen die Elektriker (The electricians see the electricians).

The person/thing BEFORE the noun is called the SUBJECT and the person/thing AFTER is called the object. In your German classes at SCHOOL, your teachers refer to the SUBJECT as the NOMINATIVE. This comes from ‘NOME‘ in latin = name. We learn the name of a noun as der, die, das. After that, you have to check whether the noun is before or after the verb.

You make these changes in English all the time. You don’t say “I see he” you say “I see him“. That change from he (nominative form) – him (accusative form) (or the object form). Two ways to say the same thing.

me = mich, you = dich, him = ihn, her = sie, us = uns, you (pl) = euch, you (polite) = Sie, them = sie. Surely this is easy as making a pie

VERBS & PREPOSITIONS

Key word is ‘TO’ after the verb e.g you give something TO a person but not all verbs carry this ‘to’ in English – we don’t say: I order to him but you do in German – ich befehle IHM

In Grammar, this is the INDIRECT OBJECT => MIR, DIR, IHM, IHR, UNS, EUCH, IHNEN, iHNEN

VERBS

1. es gefällt mir
2. schicken
3. schreiben
4. I’ll write to him
5. gehören
6. It belongs to him
7. geben
8. she gives it to me
9. HELFEN
10. I help them
11. danken
12. thank you
13. gratulieren
14. I congratulate her
15. raten
16. my father advised me
17. zuhören
18. verTRauen
19. I trust you
20. es gelingt mir
21. folgen
22. denken
23. passen
24. It suits you
25. zeigen
26. schmecken
27. I like Schnitzel
28. antworten
29. glauben
30. passen
31. gut tun
32. Sport does me good
33. drohen
34. vergeben
35. befehlen

PREPOSITIONS

BASE MAN VZ

1. Bei
2. Aus
3. Seit
4. Entgegen
5. Mit
6. Ausser
7. Nach
8. Von
9. Zu

I’m DES OF DERry

(Genitive = ‘OF’)

am Ende der Reise
am Tag meiner Ankunft
das Rauschen des Meeres
am Anfang des Jahres
viele der jungen Patienten
es ist Teil der Therapie
im Gehirn des Spielers
im Gehirn der Spieler
zu Beginn der Woche
die Spielerin der Weltmeisterschaft
die Stimme des Lehrers
die Stimme der Lehrer
die Stimme der Lehrerinnen
die Stimme der Lehrerin

aus dem Tagebuch seines Grossvaters

die Politik der Schule

ein Poster seiner Lieblingsband

die Freiheit der Jugendjahre

Als Mitglied des Buchklubs

er sah den Widerschein der Blitze

in der Naehe des Hauptbahnhofs

SOME PREPOSITIONS THAT TAKE THE GENITIVE

wegen = because of

trotz = in spite of

im Laufe der/des = in the course of (during)

because of the Leaving Cert

in spite of the weather

in the course of the week

in the course of the year

in the course of the month

I have to
I had to
I have had to
I am going to have to
I will have to
I would have to
I can
I want to
I must
I wanted to
I would like to

I feel like
I’m dying to
I am very excited about
I’m looking forward to

DOUBLE PAST (just like in English)

VERBS using AVOIR

I have eaten > I had eaten

You have slept > you had slept

He has sold > he had sold

She has done > she had done

We have seen > we had seen

You have finished > you had finished

They have taken > they had taken

Verbs using ÊTRE

I have gone > I had gone

You have gone out > you had gone out

He has fallen > he had fallen

She has gone in > she had gone in

We have stayed > we had stayed

You have arrived > you had arrived

They have come > they had come

CONTINUOUS ACTION

GO TO THE ‘NOUS’ FORM AND

ADD APPROPRIATE ENDING

AIS, AIS, AIT, IONS, IEZ, AIENT

I was running (courir)

I didn’t know what to do (savoir)

I was driving (conduire)

somebody was following me (suivre)

While I was going there (aller)

I was returning home when (rentrer)

There was a big screen (Il y a)

We wanted to leave Before midnight (vouloir)

I was wasting her time (perdre)

Everybody was waving a flag (brandir)

Everybody was dancing (danser)

Everybody was singing (chanter)

My SISTER was crying (pleurer)

I was walking alone (se promener)

I was trembling (trembler)

We wanted to leave Before midnight (vouloir)

I was wasting her time (perdre)

ONCE OFF

JE SUIS, JE ME SUIS, J’AI

REMEMBER ER – É, IR – I, RE – U

I fell asleep (s’endormir)

My dad drove me (conduire)

I notice a light on (remarquer)

she approached me (s’approcher de)

I went into the KITCHEN (entrer)

I went there (aller)

When I arrived at the SHOP (arriver)

I took out my mobile (sortir)

I shouted at him (crier)

She said that (dire)

He asked me for some money (demander)

Der Körper – The body

ARM
HEART
CHEST
EAR
NOSE
BODY
BACK
LEG
NECK
TONGUE
MOUTH
HEAD
FOOT
SHOULDER
STOMACH
TOOTH
BONES
MUSCLES
FACE
CHEEK
FOREHEAD
HAND
FINGER
HAIR
CHIN
KNEE
ANKLE
WRIST

TIME RELATED

CHRISTMAS

EASTER

at 10 am

IN THE MORNING

IN THE EVENING

AT NIGHT

TODAY

YESTERDAY

THE DAY BEFORE YESTERDAY

THE DAY AFTER TOMORROW

OFTEN

RARELY

FROM TIME TO TIME

SPRING

AUTUMN

WINTER

SUMMER

SEASON

CENTURY

BANK HOLIDAYS

Meals

BREAKFAST

TO HAVE BREAKFAST

LUNCH

TO HAVE LUNCH

food

AFTERNOON SNACK

TO HAVE AN AFTERNOON SNACK

DINNER

TO HAVE DINNER

Berufe (Professions)

NURSE

DOCTOR

BAKER

BUTCHER

PLUMBER

POSTMAN

Civil Servant

Firefighter

ELECTRICIAN

WAITER

COOK

RECEPTIONIST

GUIDE

MANAGER

Salesperson

MAYOR

Accountant

OWNER

ENGINEER

Policeman

BANKER

Construction WORKER

Lawyer

SCIENTIST